Jim Schwiegerling
Areas of Competence:
Wavefront sensing, lens design, optical system design and testing, schematic eye modeling, corneal topographic analysis, ophthalmic instrumentation, image quality analysis, aberration theory, Windows programming. Extensive experience with Code V and Zemax lens design software.
Educational Background:
Dissertation:
Visual Performance Prediction Using Schematic Eye Models.
Awards:
Employment History:
College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (2010- ). Professor
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona (September, 1998-2010). Assistant/Associate Professor/Professor
Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona (1995-1998). Assistant Research Scientist.
Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona (1991-1995). Graduate Research Associate/Assistant.
Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY, (Summers 1988-90). Intern.
Professional Affiliations:
Optical Society of America (OSA), SPIE, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS).
Professional Service:
Associate Editor of the Journal of Refractive Surgery. Refereed manuscripts for Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, the Journal of the Optical Society of America A, and Optometry and Vision Science.
Summary: Illustrates a simple method for rescaling a Pseudo-Zernike expansion to smaller concentric sub-apertures..
Summary: Analyzes recent clinical and laboratory data to demonstrate capabilities of blue light filtering IOLs.
Summary:Examines the achromatic a hydrid electro active diffractive lens combined with a fluidic refracitve lens.
Summary: Tracks the prevalence of astigmatism in a Native American group through early childhood.
Summary:Demonstrates a non-mechanical zoom system based on pairs of electro-active diffractive lenses.
Summary: Investigates the wavelength dependence and spot splitting that occurs when testing diffractive IOLs with a Shack Hartmann sensor.
Summary: Demonstrates a system for correcting the spherocylindrical error of the eye with a set of fluidic lens.
Summary: Demonstrates a liquid crystal Fresnel zone plate with adjustable discrete foci.
Summary: Examines correlating clinical visual acuity woth through-focus MTF data obtained with the defocus transfer function.
Summary: Explores systematic errors induced by large defocus levels and their correction in a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor.
Summary: Examines the aberrations induced by relaying the Shack Hartmann spot pattern onto a detector from the theoretical standpoint.
Summary: Testing of properties and aberrations associated with fluidic lenses that are capable of correcting both sphere and cylinder error.
Summary: Fluidic lenses that are capable of correcting both sphere and cylinder error are demonstrated.
Summary: A technique for creating wavefront aberration coefficients that are statisitcally consistent with a given population is demonstrated.
Summary: Two sets of Alvarez lenses are used to create a Keplarian telescope. A 4x magnification is demonstrated with minimal lateral motion of the plates.
Summary: Fundus camera with internal and external illumination channels are analyzed.
Summary: The illumination channel for a fundus camera is designed and optimized.
Summary: The spectral properties of the optical transfer function and the photopic response of the eye are used to extended the Defocus Transfer Function to the polychromatic case.
Summary: Night driving scenes for various multifocal IOLs are analyzed
Summary: Red, green and blue lasers are used as sources in a Shack Hartmann sensor. A color camera is used to capture and separate the resulting spot patterns to measure aberrations at three wavelengths simultaneously.
Summary: The effect of diffractive and zonal refractive IOLs as well as apodizing filters on Visual Performance is explored with the defocus transfer function. Back up.
Summary: Fourier techniques are used to recover wavefront error.
Summary: A traditional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor has been simplified for measurement of refractive error.
Summary: Development of a liquid crystal Fresnel lens for a switchable bifocal spectacle lens.
Summary: Analyzes the change in scotopic senstivity caused by the Alcon Natural (blue-light absorbing) intraocular lens.
Summary: Examines recent findings and theories of positive and negative dysphotopsia attributed to intraocular lens edge designs.
Summary: Compares different techniques for reconstructing wavefronts with Zernike polynomials and examines an example of keratoconus detection.
Summary: Incorporates a gaussian apodization filter in the pupil and optimizes the degree of apodization to correlation weighted wavefront error with measures of visual performance.
NOTE: There is an error in this paper. In Table 1, the expression for b1m should read
Also, there is a typo in equation A8 of the appendix. The exponent on the very last r1 in equation A8 should be |m|+2i and not |m|-2i.
Summary: Provides simple formulas for converting Zernike expansion coefficients to different pupil sizes.
Summary: Keratome incisions of the cornea alter the aberration structure of the eye. This paper demonstrates some techniques for extracting thiese changes form topography and aberrometry data.
Summary: Compares spherical aberration in normal, LASIK and pseudophakic eyes.
Summary: The effects of fixation error on measurements with the MTI photoscreener are assessed. Trained observers can miss small but relevant errors in fixation.
Summary: Analysis of a diffraction-limited eye model with chromatic aberration and Stiles-Crawford effect to examine theoretical limits to grating acuity.
Summary: A video-based technique for examining eye motion during refractive surgery procedures is outlined. Several examples are shown to illustrate mean and standard deviation of the pupil center relative to the laser axis.
Summary: Review of emerging technologies for performing customized corneal ablations.
Summary: Pre- and post-operative corneal topographies of PRK patients are analyzed to show and increase in the induced spherical aberration caused by treatment with the Summit OmniMed laser. The induced spherical aberration is shown to be linearly proportional to the degree of myopic correction.
Summary: Basic introduction into some of the optical phenomenon such as aberrations, decentration and scatter that occur in penetrating keratoplasty patients.
Summary: Discusses methods for customizing schematic eye models with corneal topography and generating a map of refractive error as a function of position in the entrance pupil. Compares refractive error maps for non-surgical and post-refractive surgery patients to illustrate the introduction of spherical aberration.
Summary: Analysis of customized schematic eye models of PRK patients to determine the effects of the refractive surgery on the optical properties of the eye. Low spherical aberration ablations were generated for these patients.
NOTE: There is a typo in this paper. Equation (18) should read
M' = SR + CR/2 + (fxpre + fypre)/2
Summary: A formal treatment of the shape of a general PRK ablation pattern which corrects for spherical refractive error, astigmatism at any orientation and higher order "spherical-like" aberration. The article considers the patient's pre-operative corneal topography, refraction and spherical aberration levels to generate an appropriate ablation pattern.
Summary: TMS-1 corneal topographic height data from clinically diagnosed keratoconus patients is reviewed. Each set of corneal height data is decomposed into Zernike polynomials. The spherical and astigmatic components of the cornea are subtracted to reveal the cone. The location of the cone, its lateral dimensions and its height above the base cornea are determined. The results show that the location of the cone is not at the location of peak dioptric power. This technique may prove useful for tracking the progression of the cone.
Summary: The use of corneal topographic height data as a complement and/or alternative to dioptric power data is reviewed. Methods for viewing height data and analyzing corneal shape are examined. Advantages of decomposition into orthogonal sets of polynomials is discussed.
Summary: TMS-1 corneal topographic height data from normal and clinically diagnosed keratoconus patients are compared. Each set of corneal height data is decomposed into Zernike polynomials. Two expansion coefficients are shown to be elevated in keratoconic patients and are used in a disease detection method. This detection scheme is compared to other methods such as elevated SAI values and the Rabinowitz I-S calculation.
Summary: TMS-1 corneal topographic height data from 8 incision RK patients is obtained. Each set of corneal height data is decomposed into Zernike polynomials and polynomial orders lower than 8-fold symmetry are removed from the original corneal height data. The residual height shows a spoke-like variation in the cornea resulting from the incisions. The optical effects of these "spokes" is analyzed by applying the pattern to the cornea of a schematic eye model. The effects of optical zone size and procedure centration on contrast sensitivity are analyzed. This paper also introduces a schematic eye model which mimics clinically measured values of spherical and chromatic aberration.
Summary: Toric test surfaces with 1.00, 3.00, 5.00 and 7.00 diopters of astigmatism are used to examine the accuracy of three commercially available corneal topographers. The systems examined are the Computed Anatomy TMS-1, the EyeSys topographer and the Alcon EH-270. Levels of accuracy are comparable between the three devices with an rms power error of approximately 0.25 D and an rms height error on the order of several microns.
Summary: Review of techniques for performing schematic eye modeling and including the effects of the retina and brain processing.
Summary: Describes a novel technique for incorporating soft contact lenses into raytracing code. We used the interferogram file found in Code V to model decentration effects of soft contact lenses.
Summary: A thorough description of using Zernike polynomials to analyze corneal height data. Gram-Schmidt methods for decomposing corneal height data into Zernikes is described. Conversion of expansion coefficients into clinically familar terms such as spherical and astigmatic dioptric power and axis are given. Examples of astigmatism, keratoconus and RK height maps are shown.
Summary: A technique for predicting visual acuity from schematic eye models is described. The technique combines exact raytracing of a schematic eye model with the retinal and brain function to find a visual acuity. Modeling predictions for pupil sizes ranging from 0.5 mm to 8 mm and refractive errors from 0.00 diopters to -5.00 diopters are compared to clinical measurements. High correlation is found between the model predictions and clinical findings.
Books:
J. Schwiegerling, Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics, (SPIE, Washington, 2004).
M.P Schaub, J. Schwiegerling, E. Fest, R.H. Shepard, A. Symmons, Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture, (Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, 2011).
Book Chapters:
W.A. Maxwell, J. Schwiegerling. Multifocal IOLs: Measuring Aberrations. In: Masterting Refractive IOLs the Art and Science. Ed: Chang D.F. (Slack, New Jersey, 2008).
Schwiegerling J. The optics of wavefront technology. In: Duane’s Clinical Ophthalmology, Eds: Tasman W, Jaeger EA. (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 2004).
Schwiegerling J. Wavefront information sampling, fitting and conversion to a correction. In: Wavefront Customized Visual Correction: The Quest for Supervision II. eds. Krueger RR, Applegate RA, MacRae SM. (Slack, New Jersey, 2004).
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder and S.M. MacRae "Optical Aberrations and Ablation Pattern Design", in Customized Corneal Ablation: The Quest for Supervision. ed:S.M. MacRae, R.R. Krueger, R.A. Applegate (Slack, New Jersey, 2001).
Oral and Poster Presentations:
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder, G. Steward, “Comparing Corneal Topography from the Oculus Pentacam and the Humphrey Atlas,” Oral Presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, April 30-May 4, 2006, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, “IOL Quality Index Incorporating Chromatic and Monochromatic Aberrations,” Oral Presentation at the ASCRS Annual Meeting, March, 2006, San Francisco, CA.
J. Schwiegerling, “Performance of Spherical and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses,” Oral Presentation at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, October, 2005, Chicago, Illinois.
J. Schwiegerling, “Generalization of the Zernike Polynomials to a Discretely Sampled Cartesian Grid: Application to Ophthalmic Surfaces,” Oral Presentation at the OSA Annual Meeting, October 16-20, 2005, Tucson, AZ.
J. Schwiegerling, P. Jain, E.M. Harvey, V. Dobson, J.M. Miller, “Measurement of Cylindrical Error in a Native American Population with a Shack-Hartmann Sensor,” Poster Presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 1-5, 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, “Image Contrast in the Presence of Scatter: AcrySof Versus Natural Materials,” Oral Presentation at the ASCRS Annual Meeting, April, 2005, Washington DC.
J. Schwiegerling, “Simulating Polychromatic Retinal Images,” Oral Presentation at the OSA Annual Meeting, October, 2004, Rochester, NY.
J. Schwiegerling, “The Effect of Wavefront Misalignment on Visual Performance Predictors,” Poster Presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, April 25-29, 2004, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, “Wavefront Aberration Measurement Incorporating the Stiles-Crawford Effect,” Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 4-9, 2003, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder, "Corneal Topographic and Wavefront-Based Design of Custom Contact Lenses for Post-Lasik Patients," Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 5-10, 2002, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.J. Schwiegerling, "Analysis of Eye Motion During Lasik," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 9-12, 2001, Monterey, California.
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder and S.M. MacRae, "Comparison of Real Ablation Shapes of PRK Patients to Theoretical Munnerlyn Pattern," Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, April 30-May 5, 2000, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, "Topographic Measurement of Progressive Addition Lenses," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 11-14, 2000, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder and S.M. MacRae, "Raytracing Analysis of Myopic PRK Ablation Patterns Produced by the Nidek EC-5000 Laser," Oral presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 9-14, 1999, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
J. Schwiegerling, "The Utility of Corneal Videokeratography to Predict Outcomes for Laser Vision Correction of Hyperopia with the VISX Star S2 Excimer Laser System," Oral Presentation at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Annual Meeting, April 10-14, 1999, Seattle, Washington.
J. Schwiegerling, "Simulating Retinal Images Following Refractive Surgery," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 19-22, 1999, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder, S.M. MacRae and M.L. Palmer, "Visual Performance Predictions and Customization of Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) Ablation Patterns Using a Schematic Eye," Oral presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 10-15, 1998, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling and J.M. Miller, "A Videokeratoscope Using a Distorted Checkerboard Target," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 1998, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J.T. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp, R.W. Snyder and M.L. Palmer, "Using Videokeratoscopic Height Data to Construct Custom Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) Ablation Patterns," Oral presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 11-16, 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling and J.E. Greivenkamp, "The Effects of Gaussian Noise on the Videokeratoscopic Measurement of Spherical Equivalent Power," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 1997, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J.T. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp and J.M. Miller, "Keratoconus Detection From Videokeratoscopic Height Data," Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, April 21-26, 1996, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp, J.M. Miller, R.W. Snyder and M.L. Palmer, "The Effects of Radial Keratotomy on the Asphericity of the Cornea," Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 1-5, 1996, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J.T. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp, J.M. Miller, R.W. Snyder and M.L. Palmer, "Decentration of Radial Keratotomy Incision Patterns: Optical Modeling." Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 14-19, 1995, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp and J.M. Miller, "Zernike Polynomial Representations of Videokeratoscopic Height Data." Oral presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 3-7, 1995, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
J.T. Schwiegerling, J.E. Greivenkamp, J.M. Miller and M.D. Mellinger, "Visual Acuity Prediction from Optical Raytraces of Schematic Eye Models." Poster presentation at the ARVO Annual Meeting, May 1-6, 1994, Sarasota, Florida.
J.E. Greivenkamp, J. Schwiegerling and J.M. Miller, "Evaluation of Optical Systems for 'Optical Implantation' of Intraocular Lenses." Poster presentation at the Vision Science and Its Applications (OSA) Annual Meeting, February 11-15, 1994, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Courses:
R.W. Snyder, J. Schwiegerling and S.M. MacRae, "Practical and Theoretical Optics for the Refractive Surgeon," Course at American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, October 24-27, 1999, Orlando, Florida.
R.W. Snyder, J. Schwiegerling, S.M. MacRae, "Practical and Theoretical Optics for the Refractive Surgeon," Presented at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Annual Meeting, April 10-14, 1999, Seattle, Washington.
R.W. Snyder, J. Schwiegerling, S.M. MacRae, "Practical and Theoretical Optics for the Refractive Surgeon," Presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, November 8-11, 1998, New Orleans, Louisiana.
J. Schwiegerling, R.W. Snyder, S.M. MacRae, "The Optics of Refractive Surgery," Presented at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Annual Meeting, April 18-22, 1998, San Diego, California.
Invited Presentations:
J. Schwiegerling, “Handheld Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensor,” and “History of Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing“ at the 7th International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction. Paradise Island, Bahamas, January 27-29, 2006.
J. Schwiegerling, “Modal Reconstruction Methods: Pros and Cons,” at the 6th International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction. Athens, Greece February 10-13, 2005.
J. Schwiegerling “Wavefront Sampling and Fitting: Problems and Solutions” at the 4th International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction. San Francisco, California February 14-16, 2003.
J Schwiegerling “Update on Wavefront Technology” at the 29th Annual Bronstein Contact Lens Seminar, Phoenix, Arizona, January 31- February 2, 2003.
J. Schwiegerling, "A Primer to Ocular Wavefront: Background, Measurement and Use", Oral presentations at the Refr@ctive.on-line, Topogr@phy.on-line, @berrometry.on-line Course, September 11-14, 2002. Milano, Italy.
J. Schwiegerling "Physics of Custom Ablation" at Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida May 5-10, 2002.
J. Schwiegerling "Wavefront and Topography – Do we need both?" at the 3rd International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction. Interlaken, Switzerland February 15-17, 2002.
J Schwiegerling "Aberrations and Wavefront Sensing of the Eye" at the 28th Annual Bronstein Contact Lens Seminar February 1-3, 2002.
J. Schwiegerling "Effects of Keratorefractive Surgery on Corneal Shape" at Cornea 2000: Advances in Our Understanding of Corneal Disease and Surgery Symposium at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. Dallas, Texas October 22-25.J. Schwiegerling, "1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and Higher Order Aberrations", "Visual Consequences of Aberrations" and "Corneal Topography and Corneal Aberrations" Oral presentations at the Refr@ctive.on-line, Topogr@phy.on-line, @berrometry.on-line Course, October 6-8, 2000. Milano, Italy.J. Schwiegerling, "Aberration of the Human Eye" and "Wavefront Sensing and Adaptive Optics" Oral presentation to the São Paulo Ophthalmological Society, March 17-19, 2000. São Paulo, Brazil.
J. Schwiegerling, "Corneal and Ocular Wavefront Aberrations Made Easy," Oral presentation at the ARVO annual meeting SIG meeting. April 30-May 5, 2000. Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J. Schwiegerling and R.W. Snyder, "Customized Ablations and Adaptive Optics" Oral presentation at the CLAO Annual Meeting. January 24-25, 2000, Las Vegas, Nevada.
J. Schwiegerling, "Application of Aberration Theory to the Eye," Oral presentation at the 1998 Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, October 4-9, 1998, Baltimore, Maryland.
J. Schwiegerling and J.E. Greivenkamp, "Can We Predict the Effect of Aberration on Vision?" Oral presentation at the 8th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Contact Lens Research, September 11-15, 1995, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
J. Schwiegerling and J.E. Greivenkamp, "Ray Tracing and Topography: A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Visual Performance." Oral presentation at the International Society of Refractive Surgery Mid-Summer Symposium, July 28-30, 1995, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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This page last updated on August 12, 2011.